Convert numbers from 1 to 3,999 to Roman numerals and Roman numerals back to numbers.
Break the number into thousands, hundreds, tens and ones and write each with the symbols I, V, X, L, C, D, M. 1994 = M + CM + XC + IV = MCMXCIV, and 2026 = MMXXVI.
This converter changes whole numbers from 1 to 3,999 into Roman numerals and Roman numerals back into numbers. It converts as you type, shows how each numeral is built step by step, and rejects invalid or non-standard numerals such as IIII or VX with a clear message.
Roman numerals are still used for clock faces, book chapters and prefaces, movie and event sequels, outlines, monarch and pope names, and copyright years. Learn the rules below, or use the tool to check your work.
Roman numerals are additive, with a subtractive shortcut for 4 and 9 in each place.
| Conversion | Result |
|---|---|
| 1994 → Roman | MCMXCIV |
| 2026 → Roman | MMXXVI |
| 49 → Roman | XLIX |
| 3999 → Roman | MMMCMXCIX |
| MCMXCIV → number | 1,994 |
| XLII → number | 42 |
| Symbol | Value |
|---|---|
| I | 1 |
| V | 5 |
| X | 10 |
| L | 50 |
| C | 100 |
| D | 500 |
| M | 1,000 |
A quick reference for common values.
| Number | Roman | Number | Roman | Number | Roman |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | 10 | X | 40 | XL |
| 2 | II | 14 | XIV | 50 | L |
| 3 | III | 19 | XIX | 60 | LX |
| 4 | IV | 20 | XX | 70 | LXX |
| 5 | V | 24 | XXIV | 80 | LXXX |
| 6 | VI | 29 | XXIX | 90 | XC |
| 7 | VII | 30 | XXX | 99 | XCIX |
| 8 | VIII | 34 | XXXIV | 100 | C |
| 9 | IX | 39 | XXXIX | 500 | D |
Roman numerals have no symbol for zero and no place-value system, and standard numerals stop at 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). Larger numbers were written with a bar (vinculum) over a numeral to multiply it by 1,000, which this tool does not use.
Split it into thousands, hundreds, tens and ones and write each with Roman symbols. 1994 = M + CM + XC + IV = MCMXCIV.
MMXXVI (2000 = MM, 20 = XX, 6 = VI).
Add the values of the symbols, subtracting any smaller symbol that comes before a larger one. MCMXCIV = 1000 + 900 + 90 + 4 = 1994.
Standard Roman numerals use the subtractive form: I before V means 5 − 1. IIII appears on some clock faces as a tradition but is not standard.
MMMCMXCIX = 3,999 with standard symbols.
No. The Romans had no symbol for zero.
Yes — the converter accepts lowercase and shows uppercase.
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X.
Clock faces, book chapters, film sequels, sporting events such as the Super Bowl, monarchs' names and building cornerstones.
No. Everything runs in your browser.
